浆态床渣油加氢催化剂研究进展

渣油加氢技术主要有固定床、沸腾床、移动床和浆态床。浆态床技术不存在催化剂的失活问题,几乎能处理各种性质的原料,是近年来的研究热点。浆态床技术通过加入催化剂达到劣质渣油改质的目的,使用的催化剂可分为不具有加氢活性的添加剂和具有加氢活性的催化剂两大类,添加剂的作用在渣油高转化率下较明显,所起的作用是阻隔生焦中间相的聚集以减少生焦;催化剂主要通过提供活性氢抑制大分子自由基的缩合和生焦并改质劣质渣油。对浆态床渣油加氢催化剂和添加剂的使用情况与机理进行总结,对未来发展进行展望,认为低成本有加氢活性的催化剂是未来浆态床渣油加氢催化剂的研究重点。

Development in the catalysts for residual oil hydrocraking in slurry-bed

The technologies for residual oil upgrading mainly include the techniques of fix bed,ebullated bed,moving bed and slurry bed.With the high flexibility to raw materials and without the catalyst deactivation problem,the slurry bed technology has been the hot spot of research.In order to achieve residue upgrading,catalyst has to be used in slurry bed technology.The hydrocraking catalysts used in the slurry beds can be divided into two kinds:the additives which had no hydrogenation activity and catalysts which had catalytic activity.The additive possessed obvious influence on the residual oil hydrogenation process under the condition of high residue conversion,and played a role of prohibiting physical adsorption of the coke mesophase during the coking formation process.The catalysts mainly prevented the aggregation of macromolecular free radical by offering active hydrogen atom,and finally reduced the coke formation.In this article,the application status and mechanisms of the catalysts and the additives used for residual oil hydrogenation in slurry-bed processes were reviewed,and their development prospects in the future were outlined.It is pointed out that the research on residual oil hydrotreating catalysts used for the slurry beds will be focused on the catalysts with low cost and hydrogenation activity.