传感器网络定位问题的概率特征

无线传感器网络技术在国民经济建设和军事领域有着非常重要的应用价值,网络化传感器节点的自身定位问题是传感器网络运行的一个基本和关键问题,主要是研究了定位问题的概率性行为特征.采用概率论进行数理证明和模拟实验验证.提出在一定条件下,通常定位算法产生的节点估计位置的线性变换形式服从χ2分布,另外传感器网络的节点连接度服从泊松分布,理论上严密证明了结论的正确性,并对传感器网络定位的节点部署密度所需要的条件进行模拟实验和讨论.得出了定位误差的概率分布特征,以及传感器网络节点部署密度的一些结论,对设计和评价传感器网络的定位算法具有指导作用.

Probabilistic Character for Localization Problem in Sensor Networks

Sensor networks hold the promise of many new applications in the area of monitoring and control. Sensor positioning is a fundamental and crucial issue for network operation and management. The motivation for this paper is to explore the probabilistic behavior for the localization problem in sensor networks. Due to the peculiarity of sensor network, its localization behavior needs to be investigated to obtain some general principles by probability theory. The position estimation error and the node connectivity issues are analyzed. First, it is proved that the linear transform of position estimation for node localization is distributed by X^2. Secondly, the node connectivity and the number of nodes in a deployed area are distributed by the Poisson, if a sensor network is configured in a uniform fashion over the whole field. Some connectivity requirements should be met to accomplish successfully positioning according to the result of simulation experiments. The model of position errors can be used to evaluate the impact of a location discovery algorithm on subsequent tasks in a multi-hop ad-hoc sensor network. Understanding of behavior characteristics is of importance for implementing localization process and evaluating localization methods.