2′-岩藻糖基乳糖功能及其微生物生产菌种构建研究进展

2′-岩藻糖基乳糖（2′-fucosyllactose，2′-FL）在人乳寡糖中含量最高，占比可达30%。2′-FL 能够有效促进婴儿大脑发育、提高婴儿免疫力，对青少年、成年人、老年人也大有裨益，已被广泛应用于婴幼儿配方奶粉、功能性食品饮料及医疗辅剂中。微生物合成2′-FL 具有易实现大规模生产、可使用廉价原料作为底物等优势。目前2′-FL 最主要的工业生产菌种为大肠杆菌，其他食品安全级菌株如酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌等也陆续被改造用来生产2′-FL，并已取得一定成效。该文对2′-FL 作用于人体的机制、应用领域及2′-FL 合成菌种构建现状等进行综述，并对未来发展趋势进行展望。

Research Progress on the Function of 2′-Fucosyllactose and the Construction of Microbial Production Strains

2′-fucosyllactose（2′-FL）,accounting for about 30% of human milk oligosaccharides,is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk.Recognized for its potential to promote infant brain development,enhance infant immunity,and provide benefits across different age groups,2′-FL has been widely used in infant formula,functional food and beverage,and medical adjuvants.Microbial synthesis of 2′-FL has the advantages of easy large-scale production and using cheap raw materials as substrates.At present,the main industrial production strain of 2′-FL is Escherichiɑ coli,while other food safety strains such as Sɑcchɑromyces cerevisiɑe and Bɑcillus subtilis have also been modified to produce 2′-FL,with promising results. This review comprehensively discusses the mechanisms by which 2′-FL impacts the human body,its diverse applications,the current state of microbial strain engineering for 2′-FL synthesis,and offers insights into future trends in this field.