The composition and structure of reverse osmosis foulant deposits formed from rand water board water: A preliminary investigation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;3. Chemical Engineering Department, Petroleum Gas and Petrochemical Engineering Faculty, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran;4. Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;1. Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, Québec H3G1M8, Canada;2. Institut de recherche d''Hydro-Québec, Shawinigan, Québec, Canada;3. H2O Innovation Inc., Québec City, Québec, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The elemental composition, mineral composition and physical structure of reverse osmosis foulant deposits formed from Rand Water Board (RWB) water were investigated. Most deposits comprised complex mixtures which included organics, colloidal clays, quartz, and iron zinc compounds. The finely divided clays were layered, orientated semi-parallel to the membrane surface and interwoven with organic matter. They were easily scraped off the membrane and were substantially soluble in strong alkali. It is suggested that RWB fouling may be ameliorated by turbulent flushing, flow reversal, sponge ball cleaning and alkali cleaning solutions. A simplified procedure for analysing foulant deposits is also proposed. |
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