基于AHP的岩溶区废弃矿井环境风险评估应用与实践

对广西岩溶区废弃矿井进行环境风险评估。基于广西岩溶区139口废弃矿井的实际情况和环境因素，综合考虑了源、径、汇3项指标以及矿种类型等9个因子，利用层次分析法确定了岩溶区废弃矿井环境风险评估影响因子及其权重值，结合数据分析和专家打分构建判断矩阵对废弃矿井环境风险进行了分级评估。影响因子的重要性从大到小依次为矿种类型、水源地、矿种数量、地下水系统、土地、开拓类型、含水层岩性、废弃时间、建井结构。通过赋值计算，发现中、高风险废弃矿井占比较大，占比高达93.53%。高风险废弃矿井分布最多的为桂林（占比50.00%）和河池（占比15.79%）。该评价结果与实际调查情况相符，有一定的可靠性和实用性，可为后续其他岩溶地区的废弃矿井环境风险评估和管理提供参考。

Application and practice of environmental risk assessment for abandoned mines in Karst areas based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Environmental risk assessment of an abandoned mine in the karst area of Guangxi will be carried out. Based on the actual situation and environmental conditions of 139 abandoned mines in karst areas of Guangxi, the environmental risk assessment factors and their weight values were determined by using hierarchical analysis, taking into account three indicators of source, path, and sink as well as nine factors such as mine type, and combined with data analysis and expert scoring to build a judgment matrix to evaluate the environmental risk of abandoned mines in a hierarchical manner. The influence factors were in descending order of importance, mine type, water source, number of mine types, groundwater system, land, type of development, lithology of aquifer, abandonment time, and well construction structure. By assigning values, it was found that medium and high-risk abandoned mines accounted for a large proportion, with 93.53% of medium and high-risk mines. The most high-risk abandoned mines are located in Guilin (50.00%) and Hechi (15.79%). The evaluation results are consistent with the actual survey situation and have certain reliability and practicality, which can provide reference for the subsequent environmental risk assessment and management of abandoned mines in other karst areas.