Data aggregation and routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: Optimal and heuristic algorithms |
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Authors: | Jamal N. Al-Karaki Raza Ul-Mustafa Ahmed E. Kamal |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan;2. National Centre for Physics (NCP), Islamabad, Pakistan;3. Department of Physics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan;4. UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa;5. Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, P.O. Box 722, Western Cape Province, South Africa;1. Internet of Things Technology Institute School of Software, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;2. Internet of Things Technology Institute School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China |
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Abstract: | A fundamental challenge in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to maximize their lifetimes especially when they have a limited and non-replenishable energy supply. To extend the network lifetime, power management and energy-efficient communication techniques at all layers become necessary. In this paper, we present solutions for the data gathering and routing problem with in-network aggregation in WSNs. Our objective is to maximize the network lifetime by utilizing data aggregation and in-network processing techniques. We particularly focus on the joint problem of optimal data routing with data aggregation en route such that the above mentioned objective is achieved. We present Grid-based Routing and Aggregator Selection Scheme (GRASS), a scheme for WSNs that can achieve low energy dissipation and low latency without sacrificing quality. GRASS embodies optimal (exact) as well as heuristic approaches to find the minimum number of aggregation points while routing data to the Base-Station (BS) such that the network lifetime is maximized. Our results show that, when compared to other schemes, GRASS improves system lifetime with acceptable levels of latency in data aggregation and without sacrificing data quality. |
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