石墨烯基新型抗菌材料的研究进展

为更好地解决单一材料在抗菌领域所面临的局限性问题，对石墨烯基新型抗菌材料的研究展开论述。介绍了石墨烯材料在抗菌方面广谱抗菌、物理和化学作用等的特点，重点阐述了石墨烯及其衍生物的接触切割、包覆作用、氧化应激作用等抗菌机制。然后分析了石墨烯与纳米材料、壳聚糖、季铵盐、卤胺等复合后的研究进展，为其发展提供了参考意义。最后总结了石墨烯基复合抗菌材料在纺织中的研究进展以及当前研究中仍然存在的一些问题，并展望其未来的发展方向。研究表明：将石墨烯材料与其它抗菌材料复合，所得材料可充分发挥各组分之间的协同抗菌作用，其发展较为迅速；然而，尽管石墨烯基新型抗菌材料发展迅速，但其实现产业化仍面临诸多挑战，未来应侧重于优化其制备工艺、抗菌机制等方面，使其向绿色、环保方向发展。

Research progress and application of new graphene based antibacterial materials

Significance Variety of bacteria in the nature pose a great threat to animals and plants, as well as human beings leading to gradual emergence of various antibiotics. However, due to the large use of antibiotics, many pathogenic bacteria have developed strong resistance to them, leading the decreased efficacy of antibiotics, and it is hence urgent to develop more effective antibacterial materials. The graphene family materials themselves have certain antibacterial properties, but the effect of a single graphene material in exerting its antibacterial properties is not ideal. In this case, the synergistic antibacterial effect between components can be better played by combining graphene materials with other antibacterial materials. In view of this, in order to better overcome the limitations faced by single materials in the antibacterial field, the research progress in graphene based new antibacterial materials is reviewed and discussed, with the aim to provide reference for research and development of new antibacterial materials with strong antibacterial properties, long antibacterial aging properties, and stable antibacterial properties.Progress The characteristics of graphene materials in antibacterial such as broad-spectrum antibacterial, physical and chemical effects were introduced, and the antibacterial mechanisms of graphene and its derivatives including contact cutting, coating, and oxidative stress were emphatically elaborated. Then, the research progress of graphene compounded with nanomaterial, chitosan, quaternary ammonium salts, haloamines, etc. was analyzed. The image of Escherichia coli cells was showed before and after a sandwich type antibacterial material treatment under the scanning electron microscope(Fig.1). The sandwich type antibacterial material was prepared by directly growing silver nanoparticles on the surface of graphene based nano sheets. The image shows that the bacterial cell membrane structure was damaged after the sandwich type antibacterial material were treated with Escherichia coli cells for a period of time. The difference diagram of antibacterial performance was showed between graphene and composites with different copper nanoparticles loading by colony count method(Fig. 2). The results show that, within a certain range, the loading of copper nanoparticles significantly improved the antibacterial performance of graphene. When the loading of copper nanoparticles was 10%, the antibacterial effect of the composite reached the best state. The application of graphene based composite antibacterial materials in the textile field was analysed, problems challenging research are summarized, and the future development direction of graphene based composite antibacterial materials is prospected.Conclusions and Prospect The literature review shows that in the field of antibacterial, graphene materials exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that can inhibit a variety of pathogenic bacteria. When graphene materials exert their antibacterial activity, there are physical and chemical action modes, including physical damage caused by nanoknife contact cutting, reactive oxygen mechanism generated by oxidative stress, and coating effect. When graphene materials are compounded with other materials, such as nano silver particles, nano copper particles, titanium dioxide, nano zinc oxide particles, chitosan, quaternary ammonium salts, haloamines, and so on, the prepared graphene based new antibacterial materials demonstrate excellent antibacterial properties, and the composite materials show more excellent antibacterial properties than a single component. This is because the graphene based new antibacterial materials can give full play to the synergistic effect between components, and reduce the reunions between components. When graphene based composite antibacterial materials are applied in the textiles, the developed composite fibers and functional fabrics have good antibacterial activity, and the modified fibers and fabrics can inactivate gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and other pathogens. However, during the development of functional fabrics, there are still problems such as the defects of graphene fibers and the difficulties in the combination of graphene materials and fabrics, calling for solutions. To sum up, the materials obtained by compounding graphene materials with other antibacterial materials can give full play to the synergistic antibacterial effect of each component and develop rapidly. However, despite the rapid development of graphene based new antibacterial materials, their industrialization still faces many challenges. In the future, focuses should be placed on optimizing their preparation process, antibacterial mechanism and other aspects to make them green and environmentally friendly.