深抽杆式泵的改进设计与应用

随着塔河油田的不断开发，地层能量逐年下降，深抽杆式泵因其下深深被广泛应用于塔河油田，而常规深抽杆式泵频发的凡尔漏失、解封困难、泵座易损伤及卡泵率高等问题，严重影响油井生产，增加修井费用。针对以上问题，结合深抽杆式泵结构、材质及工作原理，通过优化改进杆式泵的结构，提升阀副材质，研制出了易解封防漏防卡深抽杆式泵，该泵将坐封面倒角由60°改为45°，使杆式泵解封更容易；泵座钢圈加高由24上升到34mm，间隙配合改为过盈配合，降低坐封、解封时泵座钢圈破损风险；单固定阀改为双固定阀，降低固定阀漏失的风险；软密封由后置型改为前置型，避免出现软密封经过泵座被剪切后掉落，因抽汲作用进入泵筒，卡于阀座处，导致阀漏失；泵出液口由斜口改为直口，扩大沉砂空间，降低泵上部油管异物沉降进入泵筒造成的卡泵风险；游动阀罩斜面角度由15°上升到45°，增大解封杆式泵时接触面轴向分力，降低卡泵风险；改进解封接头材质，采用不锈钢材质，使二者硬度接近，避免低硬度材质发生形变。该改进泵目前已在塔河油田应用68井次，降低了杆式泵油井的故障率，延长了检泵周期，具有很高的推广价值。

Development and Application of Deep Pumping Rod Pump

With the continuous development of Tahe Oilfield, the formation energy decreases year by year. Deep pumping rod pump is widely used in Tahe Oilfield due to its deep running depth. However, conventional deep pumping rod pump frequently causes problems such as valve leakage, difficulty in unsealing, easy damage of pump seat and high pump stuck rate, which seriously affects oil well production and increases the cost of workover. Aiming at the above problems, combined with the structure, material and working principle of deep pumping rod pump, by optimizing the structure of rod pump and improving the material of valve pair, a deep pumping rod pump is developed, which is easy to unseal and prevent leakage and jam. The chamfer of the pump surface is changed from 60° to 45°, making it easier to unseal the rod pump. The pump seat steel ring is increased from 24mm to 34mm, and the clearance fit is changed to interference fit to reduce the risk of damage of the pump seat steel ring when setting and unsealing. The single fixed valve is changed to be double fixed valve so as to reduce the risk of leakage of fixed valve. The soft seal is changed from the rear type to the front type to avoid the soft seal falling off after being shearing through the pump seat. If the soft seal enters the pump barrel due to the swabbing effect and gets stuck in the valve seat, it may result in valve leakage. The liquid outlet of the pump is changed from oblique to straight, which enlarges the sand settling space and reduces the risk of the stuck pump caused by foreign matter settling into the pump barrel on the upper tubing of the pump. The inclined angle of the traveling valve cover is increased from 15° to 45°, which increases the axial component force of the contact surface when unsealing rod pump and reduces the risk of stuck pump. The unseal joint material is improved to be stainless steel material, so that the hardness of the two to be close to avoid the low hardness material deformation. This technology has been used in 68 wells in Tahe oilfield, which has reduced the failure rate of rod pump wells and increased the pump inspection period, and has a high popularization value.