Primary odorants of laundry soiled with sweat/sebum: Influence of lipase on the odor profile |
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Authors: | Signe Munk Petra Münch Louise Stahnke Jens Adler-Nissen Peter Schieberle |
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Affiliation: | (1) Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, D-85748 Garching, Germany;(2) Department of Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark;(3) Enzyme Development & Applications, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark |
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Abstract: | Odorants still attached to laundry soiled with human axillary sweat and sebum after a mild washing procedure European full-scale,
short-cycle wash (20 min wash, 15 min rinse) at 30°C, using color detergent, at 3.5 g/L] were extracted and analyzed by aroma
extract dilution analysis. Esters (ethyl-2-methylpropanoate and ethylbutanoate), ketones (1-hexen-3-one and 1-octen-3-one)
and, in particular, aldehydes (Z)-4-heptenal, octanal, (E)-2-octenal, methional, (Z)-2-nonenal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E,Z)-2,4-nonadienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde] were identified as primary odorants. Organic acids, which are dominant characteristic
odorants in human axillary sweat, were, on the other hand, effectively removed during the washing process. The influence of
lipase activity on the odor profile was investigated by analyzing selected sets of textile swatches, sampled from the right/left
axillary of male runners, washed in the presence or absence of lipase. The swatches were examined by a sensory ranking analysis
prior to the analytical odor analysis. Swatches selected for the subsequent odor analysis possessed greater odor intensity
when washed in the presence of lipase than the corresponding swatches washed in the absence of lipase. The aroma extract dilution
analysis revealed that aldehydes were present in slightly greater concentrations in swatches washed in the presence of lipase.
The aldehydes are believed to be formed through oxidative degradation of triglycerides present in human sebum, which may be
facilitated by lipase. Based on sensory panel results and dilution analysis of odorants, the impact of lipase on the odor
impression was, however, minor and thus believed to be inadequate as explanation for malodor generation in laundry as experienced
by the consumer. |
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Keywords: | Axillary sweat detergency gas chromatography olfactometry lipase lipid oxidation odor sebum textile |
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