吉林省5种食用菌中杀虫剂残留量的检测及其风险评价

目的 了解吉林省市售食用菌杀虫剂残留污染水平, 评价其膳食暴露健康风险。方法 采集吉林省市售食用菌样本116份, 按照GB 23200.113-2018《食品安全国家标准植物源性食品中208种农药及其代谢物残留量的测定 气相色谱-质谱联用法》规定的标准操作程序进行32种杀虫剂检测, 运用食品安全指数法对5种食用菌(金针菇、木耳、平菇、香菇、杏鲍菇)中的杀虫剂残留所带来的风险进行评估。结果 吉林省5种食用菌所检测的32种杀虫剂中有11种有检出, 分别为5种氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂、5种菊酯类杀虫剂和1种有机磷杀虫剂, 其中氰戊菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯3种杀虫剂污染程度最为严重, 检出率分别为18.97%、18.10%、11.21%。食用菌中有检出的11种杀虫剂的IFS值与5种食用菌的 值均远远小于1。结论 所检测的32种杀虫剂的残留量对吉林省5种食用菌产品的食用安全没有影响, 5种食用菌的安全状态都处在可接受的安全水平。

Determination and risk assessment of insecticide residue in 5 kinds of edible fungi in Jilin province

Objective To understand the pollution level of insecticide residues in commercial edible fungi in Jilin province, and evaluate the health risk of dietary exposure. Methods One hundred and sixteen edible fungi samples sold in Jilin province were collected and 32 insecticides were detected according to the standard operating procedures specified in GB 23200.113-2018 National food safety standard-Determination of 208 pesticides and their metabolites residues in plant derived food-Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. And the risk of pesticide residues in 5 kinds of edible fungi (flavor mushroom, fungus, oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom) were evaluated by food safety index method. Results Eleven kinds insecticides were detected in 5 edible fungi in Jilin province, including 5 kinds of carbamate insecticides, 5 kinds of pyrethroid insecticides and 1 kind of organophosphate insecticide. The insecticides of fenvalerate, cyhalothrin and cypermethrin were the most polluted, and the detection rates were 18.97%, 18.10%, and 11.21%, respectively. The food safety index of 11 insecticides and the average food safety index of 5 edible fungi were far less than 1. Conclusion The risk assessment results show that the residual amount of 32 pesticides tested has no effect on the food safety of 5 edible fungi products in Jilin province, and the safety status of the 5 edible fungi are at an acceptable level of safety.