3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯的代谢及毒理学研究进展

3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(3-MCPD酯)主要是植物油脱臭过程中产生的一类过程污染物, 其在生物体内经脂肪酶水解会生成3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD), 3-MCPD具有神经、肾脏、遗传毒性以及潜在的致突变性, 是国际公认的食品污染物。近年来国内外学者对于3-MCPD酯的毒理学研究逐渐增多, 研究发现3-MCPD酯的毒性作用范围与游离3-MCPD的毒性作用范围相同, 这支持酯键断裂形成游离3-MCPD, 并且主要由3-MPCD施加毒性的观点。虽然3-MCPD酯相比游离3-MCPD的急性毒性较低, 但2种化合物都产生广泛的肾组织病理学包括肾小球损害和肾小管上皮细胞增生及睾丸毒性。本文主要对3-MCPD酯的生物代谢及毒性研究进行了概述, 旨在给国内相关毒理学研究提供参考, 并有助于后续健康风险评估工作的开展。

Research progress in metabolism and toxicology of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters

3-chloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid ester (3-MCPD esters) is a kind of process pollutant produced during deodorization of vegetable oil. It can be metabolized to 3-Chloro-1,2-Propanediol (3-MCPD) by intestinal lipase hydrolysis in vivo. 3-MCPD is an internationally recognized food contaminant with neurological, renal, genotoxic and potential mutagenicity. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have gradually increased the toxicological study of 3-MCPD esters. The studies find that the toxicity range of 3-MCPD ester is the same as that of free 3-MCPD, which support the idea that ester bond cleavage forms free 3-MCPD and is mainly toxic by 3-MPCD. Although 3-MCPD esters are less acutely toxic than free 3-MCPD, both compounds produce extensive renal histopathology including glomerular damage and tubular epithelial cell proliferation and testicular toxicity. This paper mainly summarized the bio-metabolism and toxicity of 3-MCPD esters, which was intended to provide reference for relevant domestic toxicology research and contributed to the follow-up of health risk assessment.