山东省部分地区2018年收获玉米的真菌污染状况研究

目的 对山东省部分地区2018年产玉米表面污染真菌进行调查。方法 在马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(potato dextrose agar, PDA)上通过稀释涂布的传统分离培养方法获得真菌菌株, 利用传统的形态学与分子生物学技术相结合的方法对真菌种类鉴定。结果 共获得真菌菌株169株, 经形态学鉴定隶属于8属: 镰刀菌属(Fusarium), 青霉属(Penicillum), 曲霉属(Aspergillus), 交链孢属(Alternaria), 枝顶孢属(Acremonium), 梗霉属(Lichtheimia), 枝孢属(Cladosporium)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces)。其中, 镰刀菌(Fusarium)、青霉(Penicillum)、曲霉(Aspergillus)分离获得的数量最多, 镰刀菌种类是引起玉米穗腐病的主要病原菌, 其污染主要来自于田间。随玉米仓储时间延长, 优势真菌改变为青霉属和曲霉属。结论 山东地区玉米真菌污染初期以田间污染为主, 储藏过程中优势菌群受环境影响发生改变; 需要根据真菌污染状况改进提升传统果穗囤藏技术。

Study on fungi invasion of corn in some areas of Shandong province harvesed in 2018

Objective To investigate the surface-contaminated fungi invasion of corn in some areas of Shandong province in 2018. Methods Fungal strains were obtained by traditional isolation and culture method of dilution coating on potato dextrose agar medium, and fungal species were identified by traditional methods of morphology and molecular biology. Results A total of 169 strains of fungal strains were obtained, which were identified by morphological identification of 8 genera: Fusarium, Penicillum, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Acremonium, Lychtheimia, Cladosporium, Talaromyces. Among them, Fusarium, Penicillum and Aspergillus were the most, and Fusarium was the main pathogen causing corn ear rot, and the pollution mainly came from the field. With the storage time extended, the dominant fungi were Penicillium and Aspergillus. Conclusion The main fungi contamination occured in the field in the early time and the dominant fungi changed by the environment. The corn ear storage technology should be improved and promoted according to the fungi contamination.