典型油田用缓蚀剂的热分解特性研究

随着国内原油开采难度的不断增大，油田多进行二次、三次采油，并且开发的劣质油田也增多，使得在开采和储运过程中化学助剂的用量不断增加。部分化学助剂直接进入到原油中，给原油炼制加工设备带来腐蚀问题。针对上述情况，以中海炼化惠州炼化分公司加工的原油为研究对象，对原油开采、运输中使用的化学剂进行调研，选择几种可能在炼油加工中导致腐蚀问题的典型油田缓蚀剂，通过热分解实验模拟这些缓蚀剂在炼油加工过程中发生的化学变化，并对其导致的腐蚀性因素进行分析。结果表明，随着温度的升高，油田缓蚀剂中的无机氯离子浓度不断提高，与加热前相比，在120 ℃时氯离子浓度有所增加，而在360 ℃时氯离子浓度显著增加。随着温度升高，缓蚀剂中一些稳定的物质会发生水解反应或是裂解反应，产生氯离子。

STUDY ON THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TYPICAL CORROSION INHIBITORS USED IN OILFIELDS

A great number of oilfield chemicals are used in oil fields for enhancing oil recovery and oil transport in China. Some of these chemicals directly come into crude oils, resulting in the corrosion of refinery equipments. It was thought that the corrosion inhibitor is believed to be one of the causes of equipment corrosion. The thermal decomposition simulation experiments were performed to understand the changes of typical corrosion inhibitors in oil refining processes. The mechanism of these changes leading to the corrosion was analyzed. It is found that as the decomposition temperature rises, the concentration of inorganic Cl- increases in inhibitors tested at 120 ℃ and increases markedly at 360 ℃, compared with the one before heating. It is concluded that the production of Cl- is due to the hydrolysis or cracking reactions of some of stable compounds in corrosion inhibitors.