6种金枪鱼脂肪酸组成与含量差异性研究

目的比较捕捞于不同海域不同品种的6种金枪鱼的脂肪酸种类与含量。方法收集来源于大西洋、太平洋、印度洋的蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacores)、大目金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)、马苏金枪鱼(Thunnus maccoyii)、长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)、鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)6种金枪鱼,采用三氟化硼甲醇甲酯化金枪鱼肌肉组织的脂肪酸,利用气相色谱法测定脂肪酸甲酯含量;再通过SPSS 24对各脂肪酸组成结果进行相关性分析。结果 6种金枪鱼肌肉脂肪酸种类与含量丰富,蓝鳍金枪鱼、大目金枪鱼等5种金枪鱼不饱和脂肪酸的含量明显高于鲣鱼,蓝鳍金枪鱼的不饱和脂肪酸种类最多且含量最高,捕捞于太平洋海域的大目金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼的不饱和脂肪酸种类明显多于其他海域,人工饲养的马苏金枪鱼(太平洋)比野生马苏金枪鱼(印度洋)的不饱和脂肪酸种类丰富;6种金枪鱼主要组分间的相关性分析结果显示,C20:0与所测的9种脂肪酸呈负相关,C18:1与C18:2呈极显著正相关(r=0.900～1.000),C14:0与C17:1呈负相关,与其他8种脂肪酸呈正相关。结论 6种金枪鱼存在脂肪酸种类与含量的差异,不同海域与不同养殖方式下的金枪鱼脂肪酸的种类也存在差异。

Study on the fatty acid composition and content difference of six species of Tuna

Objective To compare the fatty acid types and contents of six different species of tuna caught in different sea areas. Methods Six species of tuna Thunnus thynnus, Thunnus albacores, Thunnus obesus, Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus alalunga and Katsuwonus pelamis from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans were collected. The fatty acids of tuna muscle tissue were methylated methanol by boron trifluoride. The contents of fatty acid methyl ester in tuna muscle were determined by gas chromatography. Then SPSS 24 was used to analyze the correlation of fatty acid composition. Results The fatty acid species and contents of the six tuna muscle were rich, polyunsaturated fatty acids species of the five tuna such as the bluefin tuna and the bigeye tuna was obviously higher than skipjack tuna. The polyunsaturated fatty acids species and contents of bluefin tuna was richest. The polyunsaturated fatty acids species of bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna which came from the Pacific were higher than that from other ocean. The polyunsaturated fatty acids species in the captive southern bluefin tuna (Pacific Ocean) was more abundant than wild southern bluefin tuna (Indian Ocean). The results of correlation analysis in major components of six tuna showed that there was negative correlation between C20:0 and other nine substances, extremely significant positive correlation between C18:1 and C18:2(r=0.900~1.000)and there was negative correlation between C14:0 and C17:1, extremely positive correlation between C14:0 and others. Conclusion There are differences in fatty acid species and content among six species of tuna, and there are also differences in fatty acid species in different sea areas and different breeding methods.