1-十二烯聚合制备中低黏度合成油的研究

使用月桂酸改性的三氯化铝为催化剂，对1-十二烯合成中低黏度聚α-烯烃（PAO）进行研究，结合碳正离子聚合机理，分析了采用高温低聚方法获得中低黏度PAO的经济性问题。具体考察了催化剂用量、月桂酸与三氯化铝摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、以及缩合改性试验中氯化氢是否溢出对PAO收率和二聚物含量的影响。结果表明，在三氯化铝质量分数为3%、月桂酸与三氯化铝摩尔比为0.9、聚合温度为50 ℃、反应时间为3 h的条件下，PAO收率达到85%，二聚体含量（w）控制在3.4%左右，100 ℃运动黏度为19.56 mm2/s，黏度指数为161，倾点为－48 ℃，合成PAO是一种中低黏度、高黏度指数、低倾点的PAO润滑基础油，并且具有较窄的相对分子质量分布和良好的蒸发性能。

STUDY OF PREPARATION OF LOW AND MEDIUM VISCOSTY PAO BY OLIGOMERIZATION OF 1-DODECENE

The oligomerization of 1-dodecene for preparation of low and medium viscosity PAO was studied using aluminum chloride-lauric complex as a catalyst. The preparation cost of low and medium PAO by oligomerization at high temperature was also analyzed based on the cationic mechanism. The effect of mole ratio of lauric acid/AlCl3, reaction temperature and time as well as hydrogen chloride removal after modification of AlCl3 with lauric acid on PAO and dimer yields was examined. The results indicate that the best preparation conditions for PAO synthesis are: AlCl3 of 3%, lauric acid/AlCl3=0.9, reaction temperature 50 ℃, reaction time 3 h. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of PAO is 85% with viscosity 19.56 mm2/s (100 ℃)，viscosity index 161 and pour point -48℃. When the hydrogen chloride is removed after modification of alumina with lauric acid, the dimer yield is 3.4%. The obtained product is a low and medium viscosity PAO with a narrow molecular distribution and a better evaporation performance.