一种广谱型支状油溶性降黏剂的研制

针对稠油胶质、沥青质含量高，黏度和凝点高，给其开采和运输带来困难的情况，以丙烯酸异构酯、苯乙烯、马来酸酐为聚合单体，甲苯为溶剂，过氧化二苯甲酰为引发剂，制备了一种广谱型支状油溶性降黏剂（YGZ型油溶性降黏剂），对制备条件进行优化，考察其对多种油品的降黏效果，并对其降黏机理进行初步分析。结果表明：YGZ型油溶性降黏剂的适宜制备条件为：共聚物单体丙烯酸异构酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯的摩尔比为5:1:3，过氧化二苯甲酰加入量（w）1.0%，反应温度90 ℃，反应时间6 h；该降黏剂可使黏度（50 ℃）为2 106 mPa?s的伊拉克原油黏度下降70.4%；含有支链结构的异构型降黏剂的降黏效果比正构型降黏剂好；该降黏剂具有较好的广谱性，可用于多种稠油降黏。

PREPARATION OF BROAD-SPECTRUM OIL-SOLUBLE VISCOSITY REDUCER WITH BRANCHES

High viscosity and high pour point brings many difficulties to exploitation and transportation of heavy oil with high resins and asphaltenes contents. One broad-spectrum oil-soluble viscosity reducer with branches (YGZ) was prepared from monomers of isomeric acrylate, maleic anhydride and styrene using methanol as a solvent and dibenzoyl peroxide as an initiator and the preparation conditions were optimized as well. The viscosity reduction performance for variety of crudes was investigated and the mechanism was analyzed preliminarily. The results indicate the best preparation conditions are: mole ratio of isomeric acrylate, maleic anhydride and styrene of 5:1:3, initiator of 1.0%, 90 ℃ for 6 h. The viscosity of Iraq crude oil ( 2 106 mPa?s at 50 ℃) reduces by 70.4% using the prepared viscosity reducer. It is concluded the prepared broad-spectrum oil-soluble viscosity reducer with branches has a better viscosity reduction effect than the n-type viscosity reducer and is suitable to variety of crudes.