大孔径深孔含水爆破混装乳化炸药性能研究

大孔径深孔含水爆破中,混装乳化炸药受到来自炸药本身重压、回填渣的压力以及炮孔中水的侵蚀,炸药爆炸性能发生改变。为了分析压力及水对混装乳化炸药的影响规律,提出了一种新型乳化炸药抗压性试验方法,模拟了深孔爆破环境气泡敏化的混装乳化炸药的爆速随孔压变化规律:0.1、0.2 MPa下24 h内爆速较高,随着压力增加及加压时间的延长,爆速下降直至拒爆;同时,通过测试乳胶基质中硝酸铵的溶失值以及乳胶基质的溶胀厚度,分析了乳化剂、油相材料对其抗水稳定性的影响。结果表明:添加质量分数1%的基础油,Span80、高分子型乳化剂EPE-1添加质量比达到1:1后,溶失值及溶胀厚度较小;再增加EPE-1的含量,抗水性、稳定性基本不发生变化。提出了提高混装乳化炸药抗水稳定性的方法。

Properties of Mixed Emulsion Explosive Used in Large-diameter Deep-hole Water-bearing Blasting

In large-diameter deep-hole water-bearing blasting,site mixed emulsion explosives bear the weight pressure and gravity of stuffing in large-diameter deep hole and the erosion from water,which is likely to cause changes of explosive performance.In order to analyze the influence of pressure and water on the emulsion explosive,a new compression test was proposed to study the variation law of detonation velocity in deep-hole explosion.Detonation velocity is high within 24 hours under the pressure of 0.1 and 0.2 MPa.With the increase of pressure and time,the velocity decreases until to failure of detonation.At the same time,the dissolution of NH4 NO3 and the swelling thickness of the emulsion matrix were tested,and the effects of emulsifier,oil phase materials on the stability of site mixed emulsion explosive were analyzed.Results show that the dissolution and the swelling thickness are small when adding 1％ base oil and Span80/EPE-1 at a mass ratio of 1 ∶ 1.Water resistance has no change after more addition of EPE-1.Finally,the methods to improve water resistance were found.