纤维增强复合材料汽车保险杠防撞梁的轻量化研究

探讨了用于车身结构的两种常用纤维增强型复合材料——长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料(LGFT)和连续碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料(CFRP)在汽车保险杠防撞梁上的轻量化应用。开展了LGFT和CFRP材料的制备及相关力学性能测试,基于实验与反求分析获取有限元仿真分析相关参数。以某车型铝制保险杠防撞梁为原型,采用LGFT及CFRP复合材料进行等刚度设计,综合分析了复合材料保险杠防撞梁相对于铝制防撞梁的耐撞性和轻量化性能。结果表明,在满足耐撞性能要求下,LGFT与CFRP防撞梁轻量化效果明显,相对于原铝制保险杠防撞梁质量分别减轻了11.2%和46.1%。因此,在等刚度设计条件下,纤维增强型复合材料能更好地实现汽车保险杠防撞梁的轻量化要求。

LIGHTWEIGHT RESEARCH ON BUMPER BEAM OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE

Two kinds of fiber reinforced composite materials-Long Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics (LGFT) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) have been studied regarding their lightweight application on vehicle bumper beam.Mechanical properties tests of the LGFT and CFRP materials have been carried out to obtain their simulation parameters.The aluminum alloy of the original bumper beam is replaced by these composite materials with the method of equivalent stiffness to evaluate the performance of crashworthiness and lightweight according to the rules of low-speed impact.The results show that,for satisfying the requirements of the crashworthiness performance,the LGFT can decrease the bumper mass by 11.2％ and the CFRP can decrease the bumper mass by 46.1％,so the lightweight effect of both composite materials is evident.Therefore,on the method of equivalent stiffness design,fiber reinforced composite materials are more favorable to meet lightweight requirements of the bumper beam.