沸石基缓释肥料的研究进展

沸石基缓释肥料不仅显著提高了化学肥料的利用率,而且具有改良土壤、保持土壤水分、保护生态环境等诸多优点,在农业可持续发展中具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来沸石基缓释肥料的缓释机理和应用研究现状。总结缓释机理发现,沸石对阳离子(NH⁺₄、K⁺)养分的缓释主要是利用沸石对阳离子良好的吸附和离子交换性能,而沸石对阴离子(NO^-₃、PO^3-₄、SO^2-₄)养分的缓释则需要对沸石表面进行阳离子改性。此外,沸石与磷矿在土壤中的结合可以促进有效磷的溶解,进而促进植物生长。应用研究表明,影响沸石基缓释肥料性能的因素主要包括:沸石的类型和粒径、沸石的施用剂量和方法、土壤质地和结构以及肥料的类型和来源等。结合目前的研究现状,对沸石基缓释肥料进行经济性评价,加强工艺开发及应用示范是未来重点研究的方向。

Research Progress of Zeolite-Based Slow Release Fertilizers

Zeolite-based slow release fertilizers have broad application prospects in agricultural sustainable development due to many advantages such as nutrient retention, soil amendment, soil moisture retention, environment protection, etc. The research on mechanism and application of zeolite-based slow release fertilizers in recent years was reviewed. It was concluded from slow-release mechanism that the exceptional high cations exchange capacity and strong affinity of zeolites for NH⁺₄ and K⁺ can be exploited to maximize the nitrogen and potassium use efficiency in agricultural applications. Although almost all of zeolites have no high affinity for anionic fertilizers such as NO^-₃, PO^3-₄ and SO^2-₄, by modifying their surface chemistries using cationic surfactant, multifunctional zeolite adsorbents with capability to trap anions and non-polar organics can be obtained. In addition, controlled available phosphorus is achievable by a combination of zeolite ion exchange and phosphate rock dissolution. The application study showed that factors affecting the performance of zeolite-based slow release fertilizers mainly includes zeolite type and application rate, method of the application, zeolite particle size and density, soil texture and structure, as well as nutrition type and supplies. Based on the current research, it pointed out that the economic evaluation, technological development and application demonstration of zeolite-based slow release fertilizers will be the focus of future research.