高掺量煤矸石固废微晶玻璃结构与性能研究

本文通过XRD、SEM、TG-DSC、耐腐蚀性、密度、硬度、断裂韧性等测试,研究不同热处理制度和煤矸石掺量对微晶玻璃晶体结构、微观形貌、物化性能的影响。结果表明,该体系煤矸石微晶玻璃析出的主晶相为钙长石相(CaAl₂Si₂O₈),随着热处理晶化温度的升高,析出的主晶相数量变多,尺寸变大,但主晶相种类并未改变。当热处理制度为核化温度750 ℃保温1 h、晶化温度1 000 ℃保温1 h时,主晶相晶体尺寸大小约300~400 nm。在优化热处理制度下,当煤矸石掺量从44%(质量分数)增加到70%时,4种不同煤矸石掺量微晶玻璃的物化性能相差不大。综合考虑煤矸石固废利用率和样品的物化性能指标,煤矸石掺量为70%的样品综合性能最佳。本文设计的煤矸石微晶玻璃体系,对煤矸石固废的包容性好,消纳性强,可实现煤矸石固废的大掺量高值化利用,为解决煤矸石固废堆积、环境污染等问题提供了理论基础和实验依据。

Structure and Performance of Glass-Ceramics with High Content of Coal Gangue Solid Waste

This work employed XRD, SEM, TG-DSC, corrosion resistance, density, hardness, fracture toughness and other test methods to study the influences of different heat treatment systems and coal gangue content on the crystal structure, morphology, physical and chemical properties of glass-ceramics. The results show that the main crystal phase of coal gangue glass-ceramics is anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈), both the quantity and the size of main crystal phase become larger with increasing crystallization temperature during the heat treatment process, but the main crystal phase remains unchanged. Keeping nucleation temperature of 750 ℃ for 1 h and crystallization temperature of 1 000 ℃ for 1 h, the crystal size of main crystal phase is about 300~400 nm. With an optimal heat treatment schedule, when the content of coal gangue increases from 44% (mass fraction) to 70%, the physical and chemical properties of glass-ceramics with different content of coal gangue are similar. Comprehensively considering the utilization rate of coal gangue solid waste and the physical and chemical properties of the samples, the sample with coal gangue content of 70% has the best comprehensive performance. The coal gangue glass-ceramic system designed in this work has good tolerance and strong absorption of coal gangue solid waste. It can realize the high-volume and high-value utilization of coal gangue solid waste, and provide a theoretical basis and experimental basis for solving problems such as coal gangue solid waste accumulation and environmental pollution.