Roles of calcium-containing alkali materials on dark fermentation and anaerobic digestion: A systematic review |
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Affiliation: | 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan, 250353, China;2. Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan, 250353, China |
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Abstract: | The accelerated chemical-industry has caused a rapid increase of calcium-containing alkali wastes, containing a large amount of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron ions and caused a great risk to environment. Anaerobic digestion or dark fermentation is one of the most promising technologies to recover biogas, such as methane and hydrogen. Nevertheless, the hydrolysis processes of lignocellulosic biomass and waste activated sludge were the rate-limiting step of the biochemical reactions, which focused on pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of substrate. In addition, when some easily acidified wastes, such as kitchen residue, fruit and vegetable waste, and high concentration organic wastewater, are used as substrate to produce hydrogen and methane, volatile fatty acid accumulation often occurs, causing the process instability. Thus, this paper reviewed the main roles of calcium-based alkali materials such as calcium oxide, calcium peroxide and calcium hydroxide on the substrate pretreatment for obtaining high biodegradability, while others (e.g. calcium carbonate, lime and red muds) used as additives for maintaining process stability, thereby increasing biogas yield from anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation. |
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Keywords: | Calcium-containing alkali materials Dark fermentation Anaerobic digestion Hydrogen and methane production Enhanced mechanisms |
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