水孔间隔填塞的理论分析与现场试验

针对德兴铜矿采用纯岩粉填塞炮孔时填塞效果不佳的问题，通过综合运用力学计算和数值模拟进行分析，从理论上论证空气间隔器用于炮孔填塞的可行性。分析表明，一节空气间隔器提供的摩擦力（18850 N）大于因此损失的填塞物重力及摩擦力之和（干孔16422 N和水孔8426 N），且使用间隔器填塞可延长爆炸应力波的作用时间，并提高应力综合作用强度。据此开展现场爆破试验，使用间隔器填塞的区域在爆破中的冲孔个数和冲孔高度明显小于对比区域，试验区电铲台效较对比区提高了10.4%。现场试验结果表明，将间隔器用于水孔填塞可提高对爆炸冲击物的抵抗，降低冲孔风险，并改善爆破效果。基于上述研究和试验，构建了一种易施工、成本低的露天水孔填塞方法。

Theoretical Analysis and Field Test of Water Hole Interval Filling

Aiming to the poor quality of using pure rock powder to fill blast holes in Dexing Copper Mine, the feasibility of using air spacers for hole filling is theoretically demonstrated through mechanical calculation and numerical simulation analysis. The theoretical analysis shows that the frictional force provided by an air spacer (18850 N) is greater than the sum of the gravity and frictional force of the packing material lost as a result (16422 N for dry holes and 8426 N for water holes), and the use of spacer packing can prolong the time of explosion stress wave action, resulting in a higher comprehensive stress intensity. Based on this, on-site blasting tests were conducted, and the number and height of punched holes in the blasting area filled with spacers were obviously smaller than those in the comparison area. The efficiency of the electric shovel in the experimental area was increased by 10.4% compared to the comparison area. The results indicate that using spacers for water hole filling can improve resistance to explosive impact, reduce the risk of punching, and improve the blasting effect. Based on the above research, a convenient and low-cost method for filling water holes has been constructed.