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Ratiometric Nanothermometer Based on a Radical Excimer for In Vivo Sensing (Small 32/2023) |
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| Authors: | Davide Blasi Nerea Gonzalez-Pato Xavier Rodriguez Rodriguez Iñigo Diez-Zabala Sumithra Yasaswini Srinivasan Núria Camarero Oriol Esquivias Mònica Roldán Judith Guasch Anna Laromaine Pau Gorostiza Jaume Veciana Imma Ratera |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, 70125 Italy;2. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain;3. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain;4. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Clúster, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028 Spain;5. Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal i Imatge Cellular, Servei de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Institut Pediàtric de Malaties Rares (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Spain;6. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain;7. Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Clúster, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028 Spain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010 Spain |
| Abstract: | Ratiometric fluorescent nanothermometers with near-infrared emission play an important role in in vivo sensing since they can be used as intracellular thermal sensing probes with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity, to investigate cellular functions of interest in diagnosis and therapy, where current approaches are not effective. Herein, the temperature-dependent fluorescence of organic nanoparticles is designed, synthesized, and studied based on the dual emission, generated by monomer and excimer species, of the tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM) doping organic nanoparticles (TTMd-ONPs), made of optically neutral tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methane (TTM-αH), acting as a matrix. The excimer emission intensity of TTMd-ONPs decreases with increasing temperatures whereas the monomer emission is almost independent and can be used as an internal reference. TTMd-ONPs show a great temperature sensitivity (3.4% K−1 at 328 K) and a wide temperature response at ambient conditions with excellent reversibility and high colloidal stability. In addition, TTMd-ONPs are not cytotoxic and their ratiometric outputs are unaffected by changes in the environment. Individual TTMd-ONPs are able to sense temperature changes at the nano-microscale. In vivo thermometry experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms show that TTMd-ONPs can locally monitor internal body temperature changes with spatio-temporal resolution and high sensitivity, offering multiple applications in the biological nanothermometry field. |
| Keywords: | Caenorhabditis elegans excimer emission in vivo sensing luminescence organic radical nanoparticles ratiometric nanothermometers trityl radicals |