基于机械化学法的废旧动力锂离子电池阴极材料的回收

随着锂离子电池（LIBs）在便携式电子设备和电动汽车领域的广泛应用，未来势必会产生大量的废弃LIBs，如果处理不当，将会带来安全隐患；此外，电池的大量生产会消耗许多稀缺贵金属资源。由此可见，废弃的LIBs对环境保护和资源回收都造成了巨大压力。鉴于环境、资源、安全和回收问题，废旧LIBs的回收迫在眉睫。本文对LIBs阴极材料的回收路线进行了详细描述，列举了当前主要的阴极材料回收方法，包括湿法冶金、直接再生、火法冶金和机械化学法。其中机械化学法因具有安全清洁，反应效率高，能耗低等优点在众多的回收方法中脱颖而出，故重点综述了机械化学法回收废旧LiCoO（2 LCO）， LiNixCoyMnzO（2 LNCM）和LiFePO（4 LFP）等阴极材料的研究进展。本文为回收废旧LIBs阴极材料提供了安全有效的思路，有助于推动机械化学法回收阴极材料向工业化发展。

Recycling of Cathode Materials for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Mechanochemical Method

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, and a large number of spent LIBs will inevitably be produced in the future, and if not handled properly, the resulting large amount of LIBs waste will definitely bring safety risks. In addition, behind the mass production of batteries is the consumption of many scarce precious metal resources. It can be seen that spent LIBs undoubtedly bring great pressure to environmental protection and resource recovery, and in view of serious environmental, resource, safety and recycling problems, the recycling of spent LIBs has become imminent. This review described the recovery routes of LIBs cathode materials in detail, which currently included hydrometallurgy, direct regeneration, pyrometallurgy and mechanochemistry. Among them, the mechanochemical method stood out among many recovery methods because of its safety and cleanliness, high reaction efficiency and low energy consumption, and this paper focused on the methods and progress of mechanochemical recovery of spent LiCoO2(LCO), LiNixCoyMnzO2(LNCM) and LiFePO4(LFP) cathode materials. This review provided a safe and effective way to recycle spent LIBs cathode materials and promoted the industrialization of mechanochemical recycling of cathode materials.