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Regulating Li-Ion Transport through Ultrathin Molecular Membrane to Enable High-Performance All-Solid-State–Battery
Authors:Sathish Rajendran  Antony George  Zian Tang  Christof Neumann  Andrey Turchanin  Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
Affiliation:1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA;2. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
Abstract:Solid-state lithium metal batteries with garnet-type electrolyte provide several advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries, especially for safety and energy density. However, a few grand challenges such as the propagation of Li dendrites, poor interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrodes, and formation of lithium carbonate during ambient exposure over the solid-state electrolyte prevent the viability of such batteries. Herein, an ultrathin sub-nanometer porous carbon nanomembrane (CNM) is employed on the surface of solid-state electrolyte (SSE) that increases the adhesion of SSE with electrodes, prevents lithium carbonate formation over the surface, regulates the flow of Li-ions, and blocks any electronic leakage. The sub-nanometer scale pores in CNM allow rapid permeation of Li-ions across the electrode–electrolyte interface without the presence of any liquid medium. Additionally, CNM suppresses the propagation of Li dendrites by over sevenfold up to a current density of 0.7 mA cm?2 and enables the cycling of all-solid-state batteries at low stack pressure of 2 MPa using LiFePO4 cathode and Li metal anode. The CNM provides chemical stability to the solid electrolyte for over 4 weeks of ambient exposure with less than a 4% increase in surface impurities.
Keywords:all-solid-state batteries  carbon nanomembrane  dendrite suppression  lithium metal batteries  solid-state electrolytes  sub-nanometer porous membranes
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