Multi-Responsive Supercapacitors from Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Activated Carbon Aerogels |
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Authors: | Lucas J. Andrew Emma R. Gillman Christopher M. Walters Erlantz Lizundia Mark J. MacLachlan |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Canada;2. Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48013 Spain |
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Abstract: | The development of long-lived electrochemical energy storage systems based on renewable materials is integral for the transition toward a more sustainable society. Supercapacitors have garnered considerable interest given their impressive cycling performance, low cost, and safety. Here, the first example of a chiral nematic activated carbon aerogel is shown. Specifically, supercapacitor materials are developed based on cellulose, a non-toxic and biodegradable material. The chiral nematic structure of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is harnessed to obtain free-standing hierarchically ordered activated carbon aerogels. To impart multifunctionality, iron- and cobalt-oxide nanoparticles are incorporated within the CNC matrix. The hierarchical structure remains intact even at nanoparticle concentrations of ≈70 wt%. The aerogels are highly porous, with specific surface areas up to 820 m2 g−1. A maximum magnetization of 17.8 ± 0.1 emu g−1 with superparamagnetic behavior is obtained, providing a base for actuator applications. These materials are employed as symmetric supercapacitors; owing to the concomitant effect of the hierarchically arranged carbon skeleton and KOH activation, a maximum Cp of 294 F g−1 with a capacitance retention of 93% after 2500 cycles at 50 mV s−1 is achieved. The multifunctionality of the composite aerogels opens new possibilities for the use of biomass-derived materials in energy storage and sensing applications. |
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Keywords: | activated carbon cellulose nanocrystals chiral nematic magnetic nanoparticles supercapacitors |
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