塑件收缩率测量方法及其影响因素分析

针对材料收缩率值的不确定性问题,对收缩率的测量方法及其影响因素进行了研究,对收缩率的计算方法进行了归纳,提出了基于热膨胀仪测量塑件收缩量来计算收缩率的方法,探讨了注塑成型工艺及热处理对收缩率的影响,分析了结晶度与收缩率之间的关系。选用等规聚丙烯为材料,采用不同成型工艺制备塑件,利用热膨胀仪分别测量热处理前后的塑件收缩量,分析了成型工艺与热处理对收缩率的影响。基于DSC测量塑件总体结晶度,分析了结晶度对塑件收缩的影响。研究结果表明,与工艺实验获得的收缩率进行对比和分析,可知采用热膨胀仪测量塑件收缩量来计算收缩率的方法是准确的,是一种简便易行的方法;快速变模温和热处理增大了塑件的结晶度,收缩量和收缩率随之变大,在模具设计过程中不可忽略。

Measurement method of plastic shrinkage rate and analysis of its influencing factors

Aiming at the problem that uncertainty of shrinkage rate value of material, the measurement method of shrinkage rate and its influ-ence factors were studied, the calculation method of shrinkage rate was summarized. A method to calculate the shrinkage rate was proposed, which was based on shrinkage of the plastic parts measured by the thermal expansion instrument. The influence of the molding process and heat treatment on the shrinkage rate was discussed, and the relationship between the crystallinity and shrinkage was analyzed. The parts were molded by different molding process from isotactic polypropylene. The influences of molding process and heat treatment on shrinkage were discussed, the shrinkage was measured and calculated both before and after heat treatment. DSC was introduced to measure the crystallinity to analyze the effect of crystallinity on shrinkage rate. The results indicate that the measurement and calculation method of shrinkage rate is correct and validated by comparing with the shrinkage rate from molding experiment. The rapid heat cycle molding and heat treatment increa-ses the shrinkage rate because of the increases crystallization, which should not be ignored in the design of injection mold.