Multi-scale complexities of solid acid catalysts in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production – A review |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China;3. Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA;1. Centre for Process Systems Engineering (CPSE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;4. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;6. Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK |
| |
| Abstract: | Despite remarkable progress in catalytic fast pyrolysis, bio-oil production is far from commercialization because of multi-scale challenges, and major constraints lie with catalysts. This review aims to introduce major constraints of acid catalysts and simultaneously to find out possible solutions for the production of fuel-grade bio-oil in biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis. The catalytic activities of several materials which act as acid catalysts and the impacts of Bronsted and Lewis acid site on the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed. Considering the complexity of catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass with acid catalysts, in-depth understandings of cracking, deoxygenation, carbon-carbon coupling, and aromatization for both in-situ and ex-situ configurations are emphasized. The limitation of diffusion along with coke formation, active site poisoning, thermal/hydrothermal deactivation, sintering, and low aromatics in bio-oil are process complexities with solid acid catalysts. The economic viability of large-scale bio-oil production demands progress in catalyst modification or/and developing new catalysts. The potential of different catalyst modification strategies for an adequate amount of acid sites and pore size confinement is discussed. By critically evaluating the challenges and potential of catalyst modification techniques, multi-functional catalysts may be an effective approach for selective conversion of biomass to bio-oil and chemicals through catalytic fast pyrolysis. This review offers a scientific reference for the research and development of catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
