Case Study: Numerical Simulations of Debris Flow below Sto?e, Slovenia

In November 2000 a landslide–debris flow with a volume of 1.2×106?m3 slid down from Sto?e Mountain in NW Slovenia. It partly or totally destroyed 23 buildings in the village of Log pod Mangartom and killed 7 people. As landslides of the same or even greater initial mass could endanger the village in the future, numerical simulations of these possible events were carried out. A hazard map of the area, and the most effective protection measures were determined in detail. A one-dimensional model DEBRIF1D, developed from a dam-break flow model, was used for simulations along the canyon in the upper part of the reach. Downstream, in the region of the village, two two-dimensional models were used: a newly developed PCFLOW2D, and a commercial model FLO-2D. The three models were calibrated by field measurements. A special feature of the DEBRIF1D model enables direct computation of the initial hydrograph. Validity of the quadratic equation expressing the resistance was roughly confirmed by field measurements, and a comparison of the accuracy and applicability of the three models is given.