多种进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别方法

通过对3个进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别,得到了进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别方法,即含铜物料的固体废物鉴别通常包括3步:第1步,确定物料的自然属性,包括利用肉眼进行外观和杂质观察;利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)进行半定量分析,确认物料的主要成分及其质量分数;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和矿相显微镜进行物相组成分析,得到物料的主要物相组成;对于极细粉末类含铜物料,还需要利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析物料的微观形态和粒度分布。第2步,确定物料的产生来源,具体是指根据物料的外观特征和试验结果,通过资料对比、实地调研、专家咨询的方法,判断出物料的产生工艺,最终明确该物料是否有意识生产等信息。第3步,确定物料的固体废物属性,即根据《固体废物鉴别导则》(试行)得出物料的固体废物鉴别结论。在此所鉴别的3个含铜物料固体废物鉴别结论分别是铜冶炼过程中产生的铜渣、含铜电镀污泥、废黄杂铜冶炼中渣/烟灰/二级泥渣的混合物料,均属于我国禁止进口的固体废物。实验研究为进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别和监管提供参考,对将铜渣、铜电镀污泥、含铜渣/灰/泥混合物料等固体废物堵在国门之外具有重要意义。

Solid waste identification methods for a variety of imported copper-containing materials

Based on the solid waste identification of three imported copper-containing materials,the solid waste identification method of copper-containing materials was obtained. The solid waste identification of copper-containing materials usually consists of three steps. The first step was to determine the natural properties of the material,including the use of the naked eye to observe the appearance and impurities. Semiquantitative analysis was performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF) to identify the main components and their mass fractions. The main phase composition of the material was obtained by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and mineral phase microscope technology. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to analyze the micro morphology and particle size distribution of the very fine powder copper-containing materials. The second step was to determine the origin of the material. According to the material appearance characteristic and the test results,through the methods including the data comparison,the on-the-spot investigation and the expert consultation,the production process of the material was judged. It could be identified that the material was produced conscious or not. The third step was to determine the solid waste properties of the material. The solid waste identification conclusion was obtained according to the solid waste identification guide(Trial). The results showed that the three imported copper-containing materials were the copper slag produced in the copper smelting process,electroplating sludge,mixed material of slag/ash/secondary sludge from yellow copper scrap smelting process. The three copper-containing materials were all of nonimportation solid wastes. It would provide technical reference for supervising and identifying the solid waste property of imported copper-containing materials,which had great significance for preventing the import of copper-containing solid waste of copper slag,electroplating sludge,mixed material of slag/ash/secondary sludge.