Ammonia losses from ammonium-containing and -forming fertilizers after surface application at different rates on alkaline soils |
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Authors: | C C Du Preez R Du T Burger |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Soil Science, University of the Orange Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa |
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Abstract: | The objective of this investigation was to compare the susceptibility of different ammonium containing and forming fertilizers to NH3 losses and to determine the effect of application rates on NH3 volatilization. Losses of NH3 from five fertilizers, namely (NH4)2SO4, CAN, urea, MAP and DAP were determined. The fertilizers were surface-applied to a sandy clay loam Arniston soil and a clayey Gelykvlakte soil of which the pH values were respectively 9.0 and 8.9. The application levels were equivalent to 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 kg N ha–1. After a contact period of 3 days NH3 losses were determined. Ammonia was lost from both soils under all treatments. More NH3 was lost from the clayey Gelykvlakte soil compared with the sandy clay loam Arniston soil. Loss of NH3 from the various fertilizers was ranked as follows: Urea > DAP > (NH4)2SO4 > MAP > CAN. Ammonia losses increased with increasing application rates, but the proportion of N lost, decreased. Losses of NH3 may be reduced by selective choice of fertilizer type and application rate. |
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Keywords: | alkaline soils ammonia losses ammonium sulphate application rates calcium ammonium nitrate diammonium phosphate monoammonium phosphate urea |
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