Fracture and impulse based finite-discrete element modeling of fragmentation

A numerical method for fragmentation is presented that combines the finite element method with the impulse-based discrete element method (impulse-based FDEM). In contrast to existing methods, fragments are not represented as a conglomeration of spheres; instead, their shapes are represented using solid modeling techniques, and are the result of multiple fracture growth. Fracture growth within each three-dimensional fragment is controlled by stress intensity factors computed using the finite element method and the reduced virtual integration technique. Non-convex fragment interaction and movement is modeled using impulse dynamics, rather than a penalty-based method. Collisions leading to fracture are handled individually by propagating pre-existing internal flaws and cracks. The method utilizes decoupled geometry and mesh representation, and local failure and propagation criteria. Fractures that reach volume boundaries lead to further fragmentation. The approach is demonstrated by the fragmentation of a sphere, which exhibits a velocity-dependent fragment size distribution. The distribution is characterized by a two-parameter Weibull distribution, an emergent property of the simulation. Results are in good agreement with experimental data.