声场强化溶液蒸发的效果及机理

声场效应对溶液蒸发过程实验表明，声场促进溶液的蒸发，不同的声场作用参数和不同的温度，影响效果不同，溶液蒸发效率提高2％-6％，平均效率提高达4％以上。对水．乙醇以及苯．乙醇二组分溶液的超声蒸发动力学过程进行了分析，表明蒸发速率随时间的关系表现出线性的关系，两组分之间的体积百分比越接近，蒸发速率随时间越容易表现出线性的变化关系。通过液气两相平衡、成核和挥发等过程的分析．认为声场强化溶液蒸发的作用机理是声场具有“空化效应”。声场降低溶液的表面张力，从而降低了成核势垒．促进了液体内部的能量交换。增加了汽化成核几率，使溶液蒸发过程得以强化。

Effects of ultrasonic field on evaporation of solution and mechanism analysis

The ultrasonic effects on the evaporation process have been studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic field promoted evaporation rate with an increase of 2%-6% and averagely more than 4% depending on the parameters of the ultrasonic field and the temperature of the solution. The dynamics process of two-component evaporation process in ultrasonic field for water-ethanol and benzene-ethanol solution is analyzed. The results indicate a linear variation relationship existing between evaporation velocity and evaporation time. The linear relationship is more easily found when the volume ratio between the two components is closer to each other. By analyzing the process of gas-liquid balance as well as nucleus shaping and volatilization, the cavitation effect of ultrasonic field is revealed. The surface tension is reduced by ultrasonic field. So the potential energy to shape nucleus decreases and the internal energy exchange of solution is promoted. The probability of shaping nucleus in gasification increases and the evaporation process of the solution is strengthened thereby.