基于小目标视看距离的隧道照明安全性研究

隧道作为公路交通系统中不可缺少的一部分,由于其半封闭的管状空间特征,内部无法接受到自然光照。因此,为了保证驾驶员的视觉功效与安全性,需要对隧道空间内部进行全天候的人工照明。而以安全性为首要目标、兼顾节能性的隧道照明,需要提供适宜的道路表面亮度、色温等照明指标,从而在合理的照明能耗下使驾驶员达到保障驾驶安全所需的视看距离,即能够在发现障碍物后拥有充足的反应时间以避免交通事故的发生。本文在足尺隧道实验场地中,以小物体90%发现率所对应的视看距离作为最长可视距离评价指标,通过人因实验,探索不同道路表面亮度、色温的照明条件组合对隧道空间内驾驶员视看距离的影响。结果表明,道路表面亮度对最长可视距离影响显著,色温造成的影响则与道路表面亮度、驾驶员年龄等因素有关。

Research on Safety of Tunnel Lighting Based on Small Target Detection Distance

As an indispensable part of the highway transportation system,the tunnel cannot receive sufficient natural light in its interior space due to its semi-closed tubular shape.Thus,in order to ensure the drivers’visual performance and safety,it is necessary to provide 24-h artificial lighting in interior tunnel space.Safety is the primary concern of tunnel lighting,while energy-efficiency should also be considered.Therefore,appropriate road-surface luminance and color temperature of lighting should be designed to ensure that drivers can have enough visual acuity,so that they can have sufficient reaction time after detecting obstacles on the road to avoid traffic accidents.In our research,tunnel lighting with different combinations of luminance and color temperature are designed to explore the influence of these lighting parameters on the maximum distance from which drivers can detect the appearance of a small object.Through human-factor studies in a full-size tunnel model,and based on the assumption that the distance from which 90%of observers can detect the small object is defined as the maximum detectable distance,we are able to find the quantitative influence of lighting parameters on the maximum detectable distance.The results show that luminance of road surface has a major influence on the maximum detectable distance in a tunnel space,while the effect of color temperature of lighting is relatively weak and is related to luminance level and age of observers.