Spray pyrolysis and heat treatment of CuInSe2 for photovoltaic applications |
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| Authors: | Clayton W Bates Kim F Nelson S Atiq Raza John B Mooney Jutta M Recktenwald Loren Macintosh Robert Lamoreaux |
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| Affiliation: | Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 U.S.A.;SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 U.S.A. |
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| Abstract: | Thin films (about 1 μm) of CuInSe2 were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The component ratios in the spray solutions and the glass substrate temperature were varied in order to produce films of the desired stoichiometry and the importance of this starting ratio is demonstrated. The optimum spray conditions were suggested by thermodynamical calculations using a free energy minimization computer program applied to the Cu-In-Se system. Optical absorption studies of the films verified the existence of the proper compound.Heat treatments of the films were performed in order to produce conductivities and crystal structures for photovoltaic applications and are discussed in detail. In particular for CuInSe2 which gives the sphalerite structure under most spray conditions, a short heat treatment of a film with a starting Cu:In:Se ratio of 1.1:1:4 for 10 min at temperatures of 600, 500 and 400°C is described, which produces the chalcopyrite structure. |
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