Interaction of Shallow Foundations with Reverse Faults

A series of centrifuge model tests is reported that investigated the effects of foundation position on the interaction of reverse, dip-slip faults with shallow foundations resting on sand. The model tests have allowed careful examination of both the soil and foundation deformation as a shear localization (fault) propagates through a 15?m thick sand layer for fault throws up to 5?m. By comparing results of the tests with foundations present with those from a “free-field” test, the effect of the foundation on the faulting pattern has been observed directly. The response of the foundation is very sensitive to the exact position of the fault and even when the fault emerged remotely from the foundation it sometimes caused significant foundation movements. Detailed results are presented for the tests and it is suggested that these results are used as: (1) indications of likely foundation–soil–fault interaction mechanisms; and (2) to allow future validation of numerical models for similar problems. Finally, foundation rotations measured during the fault–foundation interaction tests are compared to those predicted using a simple method based on free-field soil displacements. This simple method makes surprisingly good prediction of maximum fault rotations for different throws.