基于 Aquatox 的北京奥林匹克森林公园主湖生态净化模拟

景观水体是风景园林的重要组成部分,在水资源短缺和水污染的现状条件以及公众节约意识增强的情况下,如何既能节约成本,又能维持景观水体的水质就成为重要的问题。本研究采用Aquatox模型对北京奥林匹克森林公园主湖的水生态系统进行模拟,评估水生态系统现状情况的效果以及现有湿地系统水质净化措施的有效性。之后从生态净化的角度,提出丰富主湖水生植物类型和增加底栖动物、完善生物链两个调整方案并分别对两个改进方案进行模拟,再与有、无湿地系统净水措施的情形进行对比研究。模拟结果表明,现有湿地系统净水措施和两个调整方案都具有稳定性,其中增加底栖动物、完善食物链的措施具有最高的鱼类承载力,而无湿地系统循环净水时水质缺乏稳定性。通过模拟得出的净化水质的能力排序为:增加底栖动物、完善食物链现有湿地循环净化系统在主湖增加植物类型无湿地循环净化系统。

Simulation of Eco-purification in Beijing Olympic Forest Park Lake Based on Aquatox Simulation Model

Waterscape is an important component of landscape architecture. Under the circumstances of water shortage and pollution, along with public increasing awareness of conservation, how to maintain the water quality at a low cost becomes an issue of concern. Landscape water features have the peculiarities of small size, enclosed, sluggish flow, easy to be polluted, etc., which usually lead to eutrophication. The root cause of eutrophication is ecological imbalance, therefore, eco-purification is the preferred method of water purification. Firstly, the aquatic ecosystems in Beijing Olympic Forest Park Lake is simulated with Aquatox, then the ecosystem stability and the effectiveness of existing water purification system are evaluated. Secondly, two adjustments from the perspective of eco-purification, namely using different types of aquatic plants and adding macrobenthos to improve the ecosystem, are presented. Then the two adjustments are simulated individually, and the results are compared to the former. The results show that the existing water purification system and the adjustments are all steady, while the adjustment of adding macrobenthos has the highest fish carrying capacity, and the model without water purification system turns out to be lack of ecosystem stability. The effectiveness rankings are adding macrobenthos > existing water purification system > using different types of aquatic plants > without water purification system.