基于FPGA的多通道雷达数据回放系统设计

为解决雷达实时信号处理功能及性能有效验证问题，文中设计并实现了一种宽窄带一体化、多通道雷达数据回放系统。该系统按雷达工作的时序和数据率将雷达回波数据发送至实时信号处理系统，从而对目标跟踪场景进行复现，实现雷达实时信号处理功能及性能的有效验证。系统硬件平台由磁盘阵列服务器与两块PCIe光纤板组成。基于Xilinx系列产品，结合系统特点对PCIe DMA控制流程及响应机制做进一步调整，实现了服务器到光纤板的雷达回波数据高速批量传输。根据雷达工作机制及回波数据结构，设计FPGA回放控制状态机及相关功能模块，严格按照雷达工作的时序和数据率使雷达回波数据由光纤板传输至实时处理系统。分别设计软件同步控制方法和硬件同步控制方法，保证多板卡数据回放的同步性。测试结果表明，该系统实现了宽、窄带雷达回波数据的板间同步回放，各数据类型分别支持6路并行数据通道，数据回放峰值速率可达1 920 MB·s^-1。文中系统可依托雷达原有硬件平台实现，无需增设板卡和线缆，具有良好的集成性与通用性，目前已被应用于某多功能相控阵雷达中。

Design of A Multi-Channel Radar Echo Playback System Based on FPGA

In order to solve the problem of effective verification of radar real-time signal processing function and performance, a wideband and narrowband integrated radar echo playback system with multiple channels is designed and implemented. The system transfers the radar echo data to the real-time signal processing system according to the time sequence and data rate of the radar operation, so as to reproduce the target tracking scene and realize the effective verification of the real-time signal processing function and performance of the radar. The data playback system comprises a disk array server and two PCIe fiber boards. Based on the Xilinx series products, the PCIe DMA control process and response mechanism are further adjusted according to the system characteristics, and the high-speed batch transmission of radar echo data from the server to the fiber board is realized. According to the working mechanism of the radar and the echo data structure, the FPGA playback control state machine and related function modules are designed, and the radar echo data is transmitted from the optical fiber board to the real-time processing system in strict accordance with the working sequence and data rate of the radar. To ensure the synchronization between multiple boards when wideband and narrowband echo playback is carried out at the same time, the study proposes two methods based on software and hardware respectively. The test results show that the system realizes the synchronous playback of wide-band and narrow-band radar echo data between boards, each data type supports 6 parallel data channels, and the peak data playback rate can reach 1 920 MB·s^-1.The designed system can be directly integrated in the origin radar hardware platform, without adding extra circuit boards or cables, which has good generality and convenience. The system has been successfully applied in a multi-function phased array radar.