锥角参数对单向聚能药柱爆破破岩效果的影响

为研究聚能穴锥角参数对爆炸应力和岩石损伤破裂范围的影响，以获得最优的聚能穴参数，从而达到最佳的破岩效果，利用有限元模拟软件LS DYNA建立了6种锥角参数下的单向聚能药柱模型。锥角的深度为15 mm，6种锥角高度分别为10、12、14、16、18 mm和20 mm。研究了岩石裂纹扩展的影响规律，测得聚能方向与非聚能方向上不同位置的有效应力，得到不同锥角参数对应的岩石单元的最大破坏距离。结果表明:聚能锥角会对爆破产生定向作用，特别是对岩石破碎和拉伸裂纹所带来的破岩效果影响明显；当锥角高度为10 mm时，距炮孔25 cm测点处聚能方向上的有效应力比非聚能方向同样距离处高110.8 MPa，同时，聚能方向上单元损伤比要比非聚能方向高21%，聚能效果最佳；随着锥角高度逐渐增大，聚能方向上岩石裂纹逐渐减少，裂纹分叉减少，单元破坏最大距离可达108.1 cm，并且呈下降趋势。

Influence of Cone Angle Parameters on the Rock-Breaking by Unidirectional Shaped Charge Blasting

In order to study the influence of cone angle parameters of shaped charge on explosion stress and damage rupture range of rocks, so as to obtain the optimal parameters of shaped charge and achieve the best rock-breaking outcome, finite element simulation software LS-DYNA was used to establish a unidirectional shaped charge column model with six cone angle parameters. The depth of the cone angle is 15 mm, and the opening heights of the six cone angles are 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 mm, and 20 mm, respectively. Influences of cone angles on rock crack propagation were studied. The maximum damage distance of the rock unit corresponding to the different cone angle parameters was obtained by measuring the effective stress at different positions in the direction of energy concentration and non-energy concentration. The results show that the cone angle of the shaped charge will have a directional effect on the blasting. Especially, it has a significant impact on rock-breaking caused by rock fragmentaion and tensile cracks. When the height of the cone angle is 10 mm, the effective force in the direction of energy concentration at a measuring point 25 cm away from the blast hole is 110.8 MPa higher than that at the same distance in the direction of non-energy concentration. At the same time, the damage ratio of the unit on the energy concentration side is 21% higher than that on the non-energy concentration side, and the energy accumulating effect is the best. As the height of the cone angle gradually increases, the cracks on the energy concentration side of the rock gradually decrease, and the bifurcation of the cracks also decreases. The maximum distance of unit damage can reach 108.1 cm, and it shows a downward trend.