Microstructural evaluation and failure analysis of Ag wire bonded to Al pads |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Korea Basic Science Institute, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea;2. Gangwon Regional Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea;4. STATSChipPACKorea, Incheon 400-340, Republic of Korea;5. Heraeus Oriental HiTec, Incheon 587-122, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, i-Cube Center, ReCART, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea;7. Structural Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 642-831, Republic of Korea;2. Nanyang Technological University/School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore;3. Holst Centre/TNO, High Tech Campus 31, 5656AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;4. TNO, De Rondom 1, 5612AP, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. LAAS-CNRS, 7 Av du Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse, France;2. Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, F-31077 Toulouse, France;1. Nanyang Technological University, Energy Research Institute, Singapore;2. University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;3. Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc., Taiwan, ROC |
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| Abstract: | We found the failure mechanisms in Ag wire bonded to Al pads during the high-temperature-storage lifetime test (HTST) and the unbiased highly-accelerated temperature and humidity storage test (uHAST). The native oxide layer on the Al pads caused a ball lift. The moisture and the thermal energy during uHAST along with the Cl? ion in epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) induced repetitive oxidation and reduction reactions of the Ag–Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with the Al pads. These repetitive reactions formed H2 gas as a by-product causing the formation of a micro-crack. In addition, the alumina layer acted as a resistive layer in the Ag–Al IMCs. The phases of the Ag–Al IMCs were identified as Ag2Al and Ag3Al, and the growth rates of those IMCs were measured at 150 and 175 °C for 2000 h. |
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