热拉式多材料纤维光电子技术研究进展与展望

随着纺织工程和材料科学的快速发展，智能纤维与织物以其柔软、轻便、透气等优势成为可穿戴设备的首选载体。热拉式多材料光电子纤维有望通过热拉制工艺发展为具有多参量感知、温度调控、信息交互等功能的智能纤维。为使热拉式多材料光电子纤维可更好地服务于纺织行业，重点讨论了热拉式多材料纤维光电子技术的研究进展，总结了热拉纤维内微纳结构的调控机制，阐述了热拉式多材料纤维在传感、能源、生物、医疗等场景中的应用，并展望了热拉式多材料纤维光电子技术未来在材料选择及研发、纤维结构调控、纺织加工、多功能集成、人工智能5个方面的研究趋势。最后指出：热拉式多材料光电子纤维未来将从单一功能向多功能、力学性能改善、智能计算等方向发展，以便更好地与传统纺织加工技术结合，进一步提升织物的功能性、穿戴舒适性、场景普适性。

Review on thermal-drawn multimaterial fiber optoelectronics

Significance With the rapid development of textile engineering and material science, intelligent fibers and related fabrics have become the preferred carriers for wearable electronics with their advantages in softness, lightness, and breathability. A variety of fiber manufacturing technologies has been developed, enabling conventional fibers with new capabilities such as environmental/physical/chemical sensing, logical computing, human-machine interaction, and so on. Among these manufacturing techniques, the thermal drawing process can be adopted to fabricate multimaterial optoelectronic fibers, providing an innovative research for intelligent fibers and fabrics. By enriching fiber structures, materials and post-treatment techniques, thermal-drawn fibers can be integrated with multiple functions such as multi-parameter sensing, temperature regulation, and information interaction, broadening the application scenarios of fibers.Progress Thermal-drawn multimaterial optoelectronic fibers are generally drawn from fiber preforms with a fiber drawing tower. The external forms, internal structures, and materials of fiber preforms can all be designed with great flexibility according to the applications and functions. The diameters of fibers are typically in the micron range, and the structures of the fibers are consistent with the preform rods. In addition, fiber post-treatment techniques, such as thermal treatment and cold-drawing process, can further enrich and modify the structures, giving more ways to improve the functionalities of fibers.With these advanced fiber drawing and processing technologies, micro- and nano-structured fibers can be achieved. For example, a low-loss CO₂ laser-propagated photonic bandgap fiber has been achieved with a hollow core surrounded by a solid multilayer structure of high refractive-index contrast. The fiber has a large photonic bandgap and omnidirectional reflectivity. Nanowires, structural micro- and nanospheres, nanorods, and porous fibers have also been produced in a scalable way by the in-fiber fluid instability phenomena, cold-drawing deformation, and salt leaching techniques. Moreover, surface micro-nano imprinting technology has been utilized to construct specific fibers with micro/nano-surface patterns.The richness of structures and materials gives fibers a variety of advanced functionalities, such as sensing, energy management, neural probing, and information interaction. For sensing, the thermal-drawn fibers have been achieved with acoustic, photoelectric, strain, and chemical sensing. For energy management, fiber-based devices are enabled with the functions of passive temperature regulation and energy generation/storage. Thermal-drawn fibers have also been widely used as neural probes because of their flexibility, small size, and conductive property. In addition, semiconductor diodes and integrated circuits have been integrated into thermal-drawn fibers successfully, which empowers the fibers with the abilities of logical computing and information interaction.Conclusion and Prospect This work focuses on the research progress and application fields of thermal-drawn multimaterial fiber, reviews the regulation of the micro/nanostructures inside the fibers by thermal drawing, and discusses their applications in sensing, energy, biology and others with recent studies.However, there are still some limitations to thermal-drawn multimaterial fiber optoelectronics. 1) Only a few of materials and structures are investigated and applied into the system. 2) The mechanical properties and comfort of wearing of thermal-drawn fibers need to be improved. 3) It is still difficult to integrate multiple functions into one fiber. 4) The abilities of logical calculation and data management of the thermal-drawn fibers should be enhanced.The future research trends of thermal-drawn multimaterial optoelectronic fibers are discussed from five aspects: more material selection, complex fiber structure, textile processing, multi-function integration, and artificial intelligence. It is foreseen that current mono-functional thermal-drawn multimaterial optoelectronic fibers can be improved for higher integrations, better mechanical properties, and more intelligence. These advanced fibers can also be combined with conventional textiles to enable their functionalities, comfort of wearing, and applicability to scenarios.