热防护服蓄热防护与放热危害双重特性的研究进展

为全面评价热防护服在热暴露阶段的蓄热防护作用以及在冷却阶段因蓄热释放对人体造成的热危害效应，介绍了防护服热蓄积产生的原因，阐述了现阶段防护服热蓄积的测试方法以及数值模拟研究现状；从服装因素、环境因素以及人体因素3个方面归纳了防护服在热暴露阶段蓄热特性的影响因素；并总结了织物基本物理性能、空气层配置、织物水分、织物受压等因素对冷却阶段防护织物放热危害特性的影响。最后提出：在未来的研究中应针对多元化的热灾害环境以及冷却环境开展热防护服蓄放热双重特性的基础研究，并基于热防护服蓄放热双重效应探究其最优的配伍设计。

Research progress in dual performance in heat-storage protection and heat-release hazard of thermal protective clothing

Significance When protective clothing effectively insulates heat transfer during the heat exposure stage in either a high or low heat radiation environment, the protective clothing tends to store a lot of heat due to temperature increase in the fabric system, and heat accumulation is an important cause for skin burns. The workers' movement or external pressure makes the clothing contact with the workers' skin more likely which intensifies heat release. Hence, thermal protective clothing has dual performance of heat-storage protection during thermal exposure and heat-release hazard to human body during the cooling stage. Therefore, in order to evaluate comprehensively the dual performance of thermal protective clothing, which is conducive to promoting the design and development of thermal protective clothing and better protecting high temperature workers from burns, this paper summarizes the research on the dual performance of thermal protective clothing at home and abroad.Progress The relevant evaluation methods of thermal storage in protective clothing include experimental evaluation and numerical simulation. In this paper, the experimental evaluation and numerical simulation research status of heat storage of protective clothing are compared and clarified. The experimental evaluation method comprehensively evaluates the whole heat transfer stage of the fabric system. The considered factors in using numerical simulation method are more comprehensive, and the calculation is becoming faster and more accurate. This review provides analysis of the relevant influencing factors of the dual performance of protective clothing from the aspects of heat-storage protection and heat-release hazard. The influencing factors of heat storage characteristics during thermal exposure are summarized from the clothing factors, environmental factors, and human factors. Clothing factors include the basic physical properties of clothing, air layer, reflective tape and reinforcement materials, environmental factors include heat source form, heat source intensity and heat exposure time, human factors include movement and sweating of the human body. These factors significantly affect the heat storage performance of clothing. In addition, different states and conditions of the fabric when releasing heat cause different degrees of heat damage to the human body. The influences of fabric physical properties, configuration of air layer, fiber moisture, fabric compression on the hazardous performance of protective fabrics caused by heat-discharge in the cooling stage are discussed.Conclusion and Prospect Thermal protective clothing has both the positive effect of thermal protection and the negative effect of thermal harm to human skin. Thermal protective clothing worn for a certain period of time will produce clothing heat storage and heat release process in all heat environments, and different cooling environments will affect the release amount and release rate of heat storage. Moreover, when taking the dual characteristics of thermal protective clothing into comprehensive consideration, the heat storage performance of the fabric is not proportional to its heat release performance. Hence, starting from the dual performance of heat storage and release of thermal protective clothing, it is of great significance to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the thermal protection performance of protective clothing. As researchers pay more and more attention to the dual performance of heat-storage protection and heat-release hazard of fabrics or clothing, it is suggested that for future research, diversified heat exposure environment and cooling environment should be established for the actual application scenarios of thermal protective clothing, and researchers can establish a sound thermal protection performance evaluation system, and explore its optimal compatibility design based on the dual effect of thermal protective clothing's heat storage and release. The heat-storage and heat-release characteristics of the heat protection fabric system with new materials and the correlation between the heat-storage volume and heat-release volume also need to be explored.