纺织品中铅和镉的含量测定方法研究进展

介绍了纺织品中的重金属铅、镉元素的来源及毒性;综述了纺织品中铅和镉的含量测定方法研究进展;纺织品中铅和镉含量的传统测定方法有原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、高效液相色谱法、电化学分析方法、X射线荧光光谱法、基于显色剂的分光光度法,快速检测方法有固体直接进样技术、基于金纳米颗粒目视比色法、胶体金层析试纸条、生物条形码检测技术;对传统检测方法存在的问题及快速检测技术的发展瓶颈进行了阐述;指出研制试样用量少、耗时短、成本低、简单便捷可靠、便于实现现场快速、准确检测纺织品试样的前处理方法是纺织品重金属铅镉元素安全快检技术的关键点;建议将高效便携仪器及车载仪器,溶剂提取、微波技术等试样快速前处理技术与纺织品快速检测技术联用,以便实现现场快速便捷、灵敏、准确地检测纺织品中重金属铅、镉含量。

Research progress in determination methods of lead and cadmium in textiles

The sources and toxicity of lead and cadmium heavy metals in textiles were introduced.The research progress in the determination methods of lead and cadmium in textiles was reviewed.The traditional methods for the determination of lead and cadmium in textiles include atomic absorption spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,high-performance liquid-phase chromatography,electrochemical analysis,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and spectrophotometry based on chromogenic agent.The rapid determination methods include direct solid sampling technology and visual colorimetry based on gold nanoparticles,colloidal gold chromatographic strip and biological bar code detection technology.The existing problems of traditional determination methods and the development bottleneck of rapid determination technology were described.It was pointed out that the key to the rapid determination of lead and cadmium heavy metals in textile should be the pretreatment method with low sample consumption,short time consuming,low cost and simple,convenient and reliable operation,which is helpful in realizing the rapid and accurate textiles testing on site.It was suggested that the high-efficiency portable instruments and vehicle mounted instruments and the rapid sample pretreatment technologies of solvent extraction,microwave technology,etc.should be combined with textile rapid determination technology,so as to realize the rapid,convenient,sensitive and accurate determination of lead and cadmium heavy metals in textiles on site.