黄土高原地区实施退耕还林还草战略的思考

退耕还林还草是一项庞大的系统工程。一要通过建设高质高产的粮食和饲料基地，满足农民生存与发展的基本需求，调整土地利用结构，保证坡耕地能“退”得下来，巩固得住，即“以建促退”。要针对黄土高原地区侵蚀环境特点，在千沟万壑中修建坝系工程，拦泥淤地造田，发展高产稳产的粮食和饲料基地，满足农民生产、生活和持续发展的需要，使得退耕还林还草有一个长期稳定的社会和物质基础，在腾出的坡耕地上造林种草。二是科学利用有限的水资源，解决水量资源性不足，提高林草的成活率和保存率，使林草能“还”得上去，并能够正常地生长，实现生态环境良性循环，即“治水保还”。黄土高原地区是典型的水资源贫乏区，干旱是制约林草生长的主要因素。能否顺利地还林草，关键取决于水资源。应采取“保、蓄、节、调”四个方面的措施，解决退耕还林还草的水资源问题。

Some Thoughts About the Strategy of Restoring the Cultivated Land into Forest and Grass Land in the Loess Plateaus

Restoring the cultivated land into forest and grass land is a huge systematic work. One is by means of building up the base of high yield grains and forage to solve the sustenance and development of the basic need of farmers and adjust the land utilization structure to ensure the cultivated land can be restored into forest and grass land and get sustained, that is to say " to promote land restoring by means of construction". According to the erosion characteristics of the loess plateau, the check dam should be built in the gully to retain soil and sediment to form new farm land and to build the base of high yield grain and forage to meet the demand of farmer's production and livelihood and sustainable development and to establish a long term stable social and material foundation for the cultivated land being restored into forest and grass land, and to plant grass on the restored slope cultivated land. Second is to make the use of limited water resource scientifically to solve the shortage of water resource and increase the live and survive rate of the planted forest and grass, and guarantee the normal growth of the plant and grass to realize the virtue cycle of the ecosystem. The loess plateau region is a typical water scarce area and the drought is the main factor that restricts the growth of the forest and grass. Whether it will be restored to forest and grass smoothly depends on the water resource. So, we should adopt measures in four aspects: protection; storage; adjustment; and regulation to solve the water resource problem arising in the process of restoring the cultivated land to forest and grass land.