钻井液固体润滑剂的试验研究

普通的钻井液润滑剂一般为液体．现场运输和使用不便．同时抗温性能较差。根据钻井液润滑剂的润滑机理，利用膨润土的膨胀性、吸附性、阳离子可交换性、分散性和悬浮性等特殊性能，以河北膨润土作为载体，采用物理和化学方法使膨润土与表面活性剂作用．合成了一种新型的钻井液固体润滑剂。室内试验结果表明．合成的钻井液固体润滑剂与市售类似产品相比具有润滑性能好、抗高温和使用方便等优点。采用X射线衍射、激光粒径、热重和差热试验对合成的润滑剂进行了结构和性能特征分析。激光粒径结果表明，该固体润滑剂粒径较小，活性剂含量较高．有很强的表面活性；X射线衍射证明．该固体润滑剂与膨润土(或有机膨润土)表现出不同的特征，X-射线衍射谱首峰宽而平．表现出弥散峰的特点．说明形成了非晶态物质．这种非晶物质具有很高的表面活性；热重和差热曲线证明．该固体润滑剂与膨润土(或有机膨润土)相比，有不同的吸附机理．因而吸附能力得到提高。

Tests on Solid Lubricants in the Drilling Fluids

Most of the lubricants of drilling fluids are liquid lubricants, so they are not convenience in use and transport, and they cannot resist high temperature. The paper bring forward a new method of making a lubricant of the drilling fluids according to the lubricate mechanism. Making full use of Bentonite s properties such as dilatability, adsorption, cation exchange capability, dispersion capability and levitation capability, we develop a novel solid lubricant suitable for drilling fluids employing physical and chemical methods. Lab test results show that, compared with similar products, the synthetic solid lubricant has many good characteristics, such as high lubricating performance, resisting high temperature and convenience. Tests of X-radial diffraction, the differential thermal analysis, and the thermogravimetric analysis are carried out to analyze its structures and characteristics. Laser particle tests indicate its small particles, high coagent contents and high surface activity; X-radial diffraction show its special features compared with organic bentonite because the wide-flat head crest performs its dispersion feature, namely, non-crystal materials are formed, such material behaves high surface activity; thermogravimetric curves prove that such lubricant, compared with organic bentonites, performs different absorption mechanism and thus higher absorption capacity.