CO2捕集技术的研究现状与发展趋势

目的在全球节能减排的大背景以及我国“碳达峰、碳中和”的双碳战略目标指导下,有针对性地研究适用于不同工况的CO₂捕集技术成为极其重要的研究趋势。 方法结合碳捕集领域最新发展动态,针对燃烧过程中CO₂的排放,对比了吸收法、吸附法、深冷分离、膜吸收法、超重力法等技术的优缺点以及应用动态,分析总结了CO₂捕集技术的发展趋势。 结果阐明了几种CO₂燃烧后捕集技术的技术特点。明晰了当前吸收法中吸收剂的选择是核心,反应器与操作条件的优化是重点。对于吸附法,面向大规模工业应用,开发选择性高、吸附容量高、解吸能力强、价格便宜的吸附剂是关键。而对于膜技术,其特点是操作简便、灵活,但提高膜的性能依然是需要持续进行的研究。总体而言,阐明了几种捕集技术的特点、应用潜力和研究方向。 结论尽管当前已经有较多CO₂吸收与分离技术得到广泛的研究与应用,但在具体应用中仍存在诸多问题,针对CO₂吸收与分离的新材料、新溶剂的研究仍是碳捕集领域研究的前沿与热点课题。从碳捕集技术层面出发,今后的发展趋势很可能是两种或两种以上技术串联使用,以满足更多工况条件下的脱碳需求。 

Research status and development trend of CO2 capture technology

ObjectiveUnder the background of global energy conservation and emission reduction and the guidance of China''s dual-carbon strategic objectives of "carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality", targeted research on CO₂ capture technology suitable for various working conditions has become an extremely important research trend. Methods Combining the latest developments in the field of carbon capture, in view of the CO₂ emission in the combustion process, the advantages, disadvantages and application trends of absorption method, adsorption method, cryogenic separation, membrane absorption method, and hyper gravity method were compared. Meanwhile, the development trend of CO₂ capture technology was analyzed and summarized. ResultsThe technical characteristics of several post-combustion capture technologies for CO₂ were clarified. It is elucidated that the selection of absorbent is the key to the current absorption methods, and the optimization of reactor and operating conditions are also extremely crucial. In view of adsorption methods, the development of adsorbents with high selectivity, high adsorption capacity, good desorption capacity, and low cost are the top priority for large-scale industrial applications. As for membrane technology, the advantage is easy and flexible operation, but improving the performance of membranes still requires continuous research. Overall, the characteristics, application potential and research directions of several capture technologies were clarified. ConclusionsAlthough many CO₂ absorption and separation technologies have been widely studied and applied, there are still many problems in the specific applications. In the field of carbon capture, the research on new materials and new solvents for CO₂ absorption and separation is still a frontier and hot topic. From the perspective of carbon capture technology, the future development trend is likely to be the use of two or more technologies in series to meet the decarbonization demand under more complex conditions.