对陕北退耕还林还草的调查与思考

陕北治理水土流失的目标是山上绿、河水清、农民富和农村社会、经济的大发展。基本农田是基础，水利是命脉，森林是屏障，这三者是建设秀美山川的主体，缺一不可。陕北的林草问题是一个农村社会、经济问题，必须要有能稳定解决群众吃粮问题的高标准基本农田和解决群众用钱问题的果林基地作支撑，退耕还林才可能实现，应坚持农田水利基本建设方向不动摇。陕北治理水土流失要坚持小流域综合治理，塬面、梁峁、山坡、沟道兼治，山、水、田、林、路统一规划，综合治理，生物措施、工程措施、耕作措施一起上，必须加大投入力度，才能加快治理速度。陕北干旱少雨，应坚持工程造林为主，同时要加强水利建设，解决林草的抗旱灌水问题，林草的成活率、保存率和经济效益才能不断提高。

Investigation and Thinking of Reforestation and Grass Plantation on Cultivated Land in Northern Shaanxi

The aim of soil and water loss control in northern Shaanxi is to achieve green mountains, clear rivers, rich farmers and great development of rural society and economy. Basic farmland is the basis, irrigation is the lifeblood, forest is the safeguard, three of them are the main components for construction of beautiful mountains and rivers, and not a single one of the three can be dispensed with. The issue of forest and grassland in northern Shaanxi is concerning rural society and economy, only there are high quality basic farmland constructed to firmly solve the problem of food and fruit garden and economic trees planted to provide income to local people can the reforestation on cultivated farmland realized, therefore, construction of basic water conservancy works should be insisted without shaking. Comprehensive harness of small watershed, integrated control of plateau surface, hill, slope and gully, unified planning of mountains, rivers, farmlands, forest and roads, biological, engineering treatments and tillage practices should be paid attention. It is needed to put more investment to accelerate the harness. There is acid climate with less rainfall in northern Shaanxi, forestation should focus on engineering treatments, at the same time water conservancy construction should be strengthened to settle the issue of drought and irrigation for trees and grass, and only doing so can the survival rate and economic profit of trees and grass can be enhanced.