木质素改性水煤浆添加剂研究现状及发展趋势

为提高木质素添加剂的稳定性和分散性,采用分离提纯、复配和化学改性对木质素进行改性。论述了3种改性方法的应用现状和优缺点,重点分析了氧化、磺化、缩聚、接枝共聚4种化学改性法。最后对木质素改性水煤浆添加剂的发展趋势进行展望。结果表明：分离提纯和复配改性无法改变木质素的结构和表面性能,对其在煤粒表面的吸附作用没有影响,且价格较高,缺乏市场竞争力。化学改性通过在木质素分子中引入有利官能团或去掉不利官能团,能从根本上改变分子结构,改善木质素分散性能,制备出性能优良的水煤浆。今后应根据煤种特性差异,深层研究木质素反应特征,采用化学改性技术对木质素结构进行调整,开发更多的化学反应途径,通过控制反应过程,合成一系列不同性能的木质素添加剂,提高木质素的煤种适应性,扩大木质素应用范围。

Research status and development trend of modified lignin additives for coal water mixture

To improve the stability and dispersion of lignin additive,the separation,purification,distribution and chemical modification methods were used to modify lignin. Discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the methods,mainly analyzed four chemical modification methods which were oxidation,sulfonation,condensation,graft copolymerization. Finally,the trends of development of lignin modified coal water mixture additives were prospected. The results show that separation-purification technology,compound technology which have no effects on the surface adsorption of coal,can not change the structure and surface properties of lignin. The above two methods also lack market competitiveness because of high cost. The chemical modification method by introducing favorable functional groups or removing unfavorable functional groups in the lignin molecules,changes the molecular structure,improves disperstiveness,and modified product prepares coal water mixture with excellent performance. The reaction characteristics of lignin should be adjusted based on the coal properties.A series of additives can be compounded by controlling the reaction process. So the usable range of lignin can be expanded.