考虑热惯性的热电联产系统两阶段优化调度方法

热电联产(CHP)系统具有环保、经济、运行方式灵活的突出优势，有较好的发展前景。文中基于电、热在传输和存储方式上的不同特性，提出一种考虑热惯性的CHP系统两阶段优化调度方法。第一阶段考虑供热网络结构和运行特性，建立基于模型预测控制(MPC)的CHP系统优化调度模型，优化日内可控设备出力及电网交互功率策略；第二阶段以CHP系统内各单元出力调整量最小为目标，综合考虑可再生能源及负荷的实时预测误差，动态调整第一阶段日内调度策略。算例表明，该两阶段优化调度模型可提高系统运行的经济性，弥补供需不平衡；结合系统热惯性，建筑物根据负荷需求和分时电价进行蓄热或放热可降低可再生能源及负荷不确定性对调度的影响，平抑功率波动，促进热电互补。

A two-stage optimal scheduling method for combined heat and power systems considering thermal inertia

Combined heat and power (CHP) system has the outstanding advantages of environmental protection,economy and flexible operation mode,and has a better development prospect. Based on the different characteristics of electricity and heat in transmission and storage,a two-stage optimal scheduling method for CHP system considering thermal inertia is proposed. In the first stage,considering the structure and operation characteristics of the heating network,the optimal scheduling model of the CHP system based on model predictive control is established,and the strategy of intra-day controllable equipment output and grid interactive power is optimized. In the second stage,the goal is minimize the output adjustment of each unit in CHP system,and the real-time prediction error of renewable energy and load is taken into account to dynamically adjust the economic scheduling strategy in the first stage. The example shows that the two-stage optimal scheduling model can improve the economy of system operation and make up for the imbalance of supply and demand. Combined with the thermal inertia of the system,the building can store or release heat according to load demand and time-of-use electricity price,which can reduce the impact of renewable energy and load uncertainty on scheduling,smooth power fluctuations,and promote heat and power complementation.