坝前滑坡涌浪压力分布对震损拱坝损伤影响的研究

强震中震损边坡在震后比震前更容易诱发滑坡，震后滑坡涌浪可能会对震损拱坝产生附加损伤，可能造成坝体溃决。现有的滑坡涌浪对坝体研究主要针对震前完好拱坝，并且通常将坝前涌浪简化为沿着拱向波高及相位完全相同。然而关于滑坡涌浪的研究表明，传播至坝前的涌浪在坝面不同位置存在比较明显的高度差和时间差。针对强震中震损拱坝在震后承受涌浪冲击的问题，本文以某高拱坝为例，基于中国水科院涌浪高经验公式，分析了坝前涌浪高的分布规律，识别出了三种典型的坝前涌浪压力分布形式。基于所定义的拱坝损伤影响度量指标，分析不同坝前涌浪压力分布对震损拱坝损伤的影响。结果表明，坝前涌浪分布存在高度差和时间差时，其压力分布对震损拱坝的影响比按均匀分布涌浪考虑的影响会更大。以均匀分布的涌浪压力形式分析震损拱坝所受的影响时，对危险性的评估会怕偏于不足，因此，建议考虑坝前涌浪空间分布和时间特性的影响。该研究结果可为震后滑坡涌浪的安全评价提供参考。

Study on the influence of landslide-induced surge pressure distribution on damage to post-earthquake arch dams

Strong earthquakes can trigger landslides on previously damaged slopes, increasing the risk of post-earthquake landslides.These landslides can generate waves that may cause additional damage to arch dams, potentially leading to dam failure.Current research predominantly focuses on undamaged arch dams, simplifying landslide surge by assuming uniform wave characteristics.However, studies on landslide-induced waves reveal significant variations in wave height and phase at different locations on the dam surface.This study identifies three typical wave pressure distribution by applying an empirical wave height formula from the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, taking a high arch dam as a case study.Based on the defined damage indexes, this study evaluates the effects of landslide surge pressure distributions on earthquake-damaged arch dams.The results show that the influence of the pressure distributions of landslide surge on earthquake-damaged arch dams is greater than that of the uniform wave distributions in front of the dam when the wave height difference and time difference exist.When analyzing the impact of uniform distributed wave pressure on earthquake-damaged arch dams, the associated risk may be underestimate.This paper recommends considering the spatial and temporal characteristics of surge waves when assessing the safety of post-earthquake landslide-induced waves, which offers crucial insights for evaluating the safety of landslide surges after earthquakes.